What is the general term for the chemical compounds that disperse or decolorize natural hair pigment?

The term "lighteners" refers to the chemical compounds used to disperse or lift the natural pigments present in hair. These compounds work by breaking down the melanin in the hair, which is responsible for its color, allowing for a lighter shade to be achieved. Lighteners typically contain ingredients such as hydrogen peroxide or ammonia, which facilitate the oxidation process needed to lighten hair color.

In the context of hair coloring, lighteners play a crucial role in preparing the hair for subsequent coloring processes, particularly when a significant color change is desired. Understanding this process is essential for anyone studying hair coloring because it informs techniques and outcomes in color applications.

The other terms relate to different processes in hair treatment. Developers are often used in conjunction with color products to assist in the processing of the dye, while oxidizers serve specific roles with certain coloring formulations. Neutralizers generally refer to products used in permanent wave processes or restoring pH balance rather than directly affecting hair pigment.